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REVIEW ARTICLE
Year : 2017  |  Volume : 11  |  Issue : 5  |  Page : 80-89

Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a questionnaire in perioperative and pain medicine

Siny Tsang1, Colin F Royse2, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi3
1 Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
2 Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
3 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA, USA

Correspondence Address:
Siny Tsang
Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
USA
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Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/sja.SJA_203_17

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Date of Web Publication25-May-2017
 

  Abstract 


The task of developing a new questionnaire or translating an existing questionnaire into a different language might be overwhelming. The greatest challenge perhaps is to come up with a questionnaire that is psychometrically sound, and is efficient and effective for use in research and clinical settings. This article provides guidelines for the development and translation of questionnaires for application in medical fields, with a special emphasis on perioperative and pain medicine. We provide a framework to guide researchers through the various stages of questionnaire development and translation. To ensure that the questionnaires are psychometrically sound, we present a number of statistical methods to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaires.

Keywords: Anesthesia; development; questionnaires; translation; validation


How to cite this article:
Tsang S, Royse CF, Terkawi AS. Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a questionnaire in perioperative and pain medicine. Saudi J Anaesth 2017;11, Suppl S1:80-9

How to cite this URL:
Tsang S, Royse CF, Terkawi AS. Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a questionnaire in perioperative and pain medicine. Saudi J Anaesth [serial online] 2017 [cited 2023 Jan 31];11, Suppl S1:80-9. Available from: https://www.saudija.org/text.asp?2017/11/5/80/207056




  Introduction Top


Questionnaires or surveys are widely used in perioperative and pain medicine research to collect quantitative information from both patients and health-care professionals. Data of interest could range from observable information (e.g., presence of lesion, mobility) to patients' subjective feelings of their current status (e.g., the amount of pain they feel, psychological status). Although using an existing questionnaire will save time and resources,[1] a questionnaire that measures the construct of interest may not be readily available, or the published questionnaire is not available in the language required for the targeted respondents. As a result, investigators may need to develop a new questionnaire or translate an existing one into the language of the intended respondents. Prior work has highlighted the wealth of literature available on psychometric principles, methodological concepts, and techniques regarding questionnaire development/translation and validation. To that end, this article is not meant to provide an exhaustive review of all the related statistical concepts and methods. Rather, this article aims to provide straightforward guidelines for the development or translation of questionnaires (or scales) for use in perioperative and pain medicine research for readers who may be unfamiliar with the process of questionnaire development and/or translation. Readers are recommended to consult the cited references to further examine these techniques for application.

This article is divided into two main sections. The first discusses issues that investigators should be aware of in developing or translating a questionnaire. The second section of this paper illustrates procedures to validate the questionnaire after the questionnaire is developed or translated. A model for the questionnaire development and translation process is presented in [Figure 1]. In this special issue of the Saudi journal of Anesthesia we presented multiple studies of development and validation of questionnaires in perioperative and pain medicine, we encourage readers to refer to them for practical experience.
Figure 1: Questionnaire development and translation processes

Click here to view



  Preliminary Considerations Top


It is crucial to identify the construct that is to be assessed with the questionnaire, as the domain of interest will determine what the questionnaire will measure. The next question is: How will the construct be operationalized? In other words, what types of behavior will be indicative of the domain of interest? Several approaches have been suggested to help with this process,[2] such as content analysis, review of research, critical incidents, direct observations, expert judgment, and instruction.

Once the construct of interest has been determined, it is important to conduct a literature review to identify if a previously validated questionnaire exists. A validated questionnaire refers to a questionnaire/scale that has been developed to be administered among the intended respondents. The validation processes should have been completed using a representative sample, demonstrating adequate reliability and validity. Examples of necessary validation processes can be found in the validation section of this paper. If no existing questionnaires are available, or none that are determined to be appropriate, it is appropriate to construct a new questionnaire. If a questionnaire exists, but only in a different language, the task is to translate and validate the questionnaire in the new language.


  Developing a Questionnaire Top


To construct a new questionnaire, a number of issues should be considered even before writing the questionnaire items.

Identify the dimensionality of the construct

Many constructs are multidimensional, meaning that they are composed of several related components. To fully assess the construct, one may consider developing subscales to assess the different components of the construct. Next, are all the dimensions equally important? or are some more important than others? If the dimensions are equally important, one can assign the same weight to the questions (e.g., by summing or taking the average of all the items). If some dimensions are more important than others, it may not be reasonable to assign the same weight to the questions. Rather, one may consider examining the results from each dimension separately.

Determine the format in which the questionnaire will be administered

Will the questionnaire be self-administered or administered by a research/clinical staff? This decision depends, in part, on what the questionnaire intends to measure. If the questionnaire is designed to measure catastrophic thinking related to pain, respondents may be less likely to respond truthfully if a research/clinical staff asked the questions, whereas they may be more likely to respond truthfully if they are allowed to complete the questionnaire on their own. If the questionnaire is designed to measure patients' mobility after surgery, respondents may be more likely to overreport the amount of mobility in an effort to demonstrate recovery. To obtain a more accurate measure of mobility after surgery, it may be preferable to obtain objective ratings by clinical staff.

If respondents are to complete the questionnaire by themselves, the items need to be written in a way that can be easily understood by the majority of the respondents, generally about Grade 6 reading level.[3] If the questionnaire is to be administered to young respondents or respondents with cognitive impairment, the readability level of the items should be lowered. Questionnaires intended for children should take into consideration the cognitive stages of young people [4] (e.g., pictorial response choices may be more appropriate, such as pain faces to assess pain [5]).

Determine the item format

Will the items be open ended or close ended? Questions that are open ended allow respondents to elaborate upon their responses. As more detailed information may be obtained using open-ended questions, these items are best suited for situations in which investigators wish to gather more information about a specific domain. However, these responses are often more difficult to code and score, which increases the difficulty of summarizing individuals' responses. If multiple coders are included, researchers have to address the additional issue of inter-rater reliability.

Questions that are close ended provide respondents a limited number of response options. Compared to open-ended questions, these items are easier to administer and analyze. On the other hand, respondents may not be able to clarify their responses, and their responses may be influenced by the response options provided.

If close-ended items are to be used, should multiple-choice, Likert-type scales, true/false, or other close-ended formats be used? How many response options should be available? If a Likert-type scale is to be adopted, what scale anchors are to be used to indicate the degree of agreement (e.g., strongly agree, agree, neither, disagree, strongly degree), frequency of an event (e.g., almost never, once in a while, sometimes, often, almost always), or other varying options? To make use of participants' responses for subsequent statistical analyses, researchers should keep in mind that items should be scaled to generate sufficient variance among the intended respondents.[6],[7]

Item development

A number of guidelines have been suggested for writing items.[7] Items should be simple, short, and written in language familiar to the target respondents. The perspective should be consistent across items; items that assess affective responses (e.g., anxiety, depression) should not be mixed with those that assess behavior (e.g., mobility, cognitive functioning).[8] Items should assess only a single issue. Items that address more than one issue, or “double-barreled” items (e.g., “My daily activities and mood are affected by my pain.”), should not be used. Avoid leading questions as they may result in biased responses. Items that all participants would respond similarly (e.g., “I would like to reduce my pain.”) should not be used, as the small variance generated will provide limited information about the construct being assessed. [Table 1] summarizes important tips on writing questions.
Table 1: Tips on writing questions[15],[16]

Click here to view


The issue of whether reverse-scored items should be used remains debatable. Since reverse-scored items are negatively worded, it has been argued that the inclusion of these items may reduce response set bias.[9] On the other hand, others have found a negative impact on the psychometric properties of scales that included negatively worded items.[10] In recent years, an increasing amount of literature reports problems with reverse-scored items.[11],[12],[13],[14] Researchers who decide to include negatively worded items should take extra steps to ensure that the items are interpreted as intended by the respondents, and that the reverse-coded items have similar psychometric properties as the other regularly coded items.[7]

Determine the intended length of questionnaire

There is no rule of thumb for the number of items that make up a questionnaire. The questionnaire should contain sufficient items to measure the construct of interest, but not be so long that respondents experience fatigue or loss of motivation in completing the questionnaire.[17],[18] Not only should a questionnaire possess the most parsimonious (i.e., simplest) structure,[19] but it also should consist of items that adequately represent the construct of interest to minimize measurement error.[20] Although a simple structure of questionnaire is recommended, a large pool of items is needed in the early stages of the questionnaire's development as many of these items might be discarded throughout the development process.[7]

Review and revise initial pool of items

After the initial pool of questionnaire items are written, qualified experts should review the items. Specifically, the items should be reviewed to make sure they are accurate, free of item construction problems, and grammatically correct. The reviewers should, to the best of their ability, ensure that the items do not contain content that may be perceived as offensive or biased by a particular subgroup of respondents.

Preliminary pilot testing

Before conducting a pilot test of the questionnaire on the intended respondents, it is advisable to test the questionnaire items on a small sample (about 30–50)[21] of respondents.[17] This is an opportunity for the questionnaire developer to know if there is confusion about any items, and whether respondents have suggestions for possible improvements of the items. One can also get a rough idea of the response distribution to each item, which can be informative in determining whether there is enough variation in the response to justify moving forward with a large-scale pilot test. Feasibility and the presence of floor (almost all respondents scored near the bottom) or ceiling effects (almost all respondents scored near the top) are important determinants of items that are included or rejected at this stage. Although it is possible that participants' responses to questionnaires may be affected by question order,[22],[23],[24] this issue should be addressed only after the initial questionnaire has been validated. The questionnaire items should be revised upon reviewing the results of the preliminary pilot testing. This process may be repeated a few times before finalizing the final draft of the questionnaire.

Summary

So far, we highlighted the major steps that need to be undertaken when constructing a new questionnaire. Researchers should be able to clearly link the questionnaire items to the theoretical construct they intend to assess. Although such associations may be obvious to researchers who are familiar with the specific topic, they may not be apparent to other readers and reviewers. To develop a questionnaire with good psychometric properties that can subsequently be applied in research or clinical practice, it is crucial to invest the time and effort to ensure that the items adequately assess the construct of interest.


  Translating a Questionnaire Top


The following section summarizes the guidelines for translating a questionnaire into a different language.

Forward translation

The initial translation from the original language to the target language should be made by at least two independent translators.[25],[26] Preferably, the bilingual translators should be translating the questionnaire into their mother tongue, to better reflect the nuances of the target language.[27] It is recommended that one translator be aware of the concepts the questionnaire intend to measure, to provide a translation that more closely resembles the original instrument. It is suggested that a naïve translator, who is unaware of the objective of the questionnaire, produce the second translation so that subtle differences in the original questionnaire may be detected.[25],[26] Discrepancies between the two (or more) translators can be discussed and resolved between the original translators, or with the addition of an unbiased, bilingual translator who was not involved in the previous translations.

Backward translation

The initial translation should be independently back-translated (i.e., translate back from the target language into the original language) to ensure the accuracy of the translation. Misunderstandings or unclear wordings in the initial translations may be revealed in the back-translation.[25] As with the forward translation, the backward translation should be performed by at least two independent translators, preferably translating into their mother language (the original language).[26] To avoid bias, back-translators should preferably not be aware of the intended concepts the questionnaire measures.[25]

Expert committee

Constituting an expert committee is suggested to produce the prefinal version of the translation.[25] Members of the committee should include experts who are familiar with the construct of interest, a methodologist, both the forward and backward translators, and if possible, developers of the original questionnaires. The expert committee will need to review all versions of the translations and determine whether the translated and original versions achieve semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence.[25],[28] Any discrepancies will need to be resolved, and members of the expert committee will need to reach a consensus on all items to produce a prefinal version of the translated questionnaire. If necessary, the process of translation and back-translation can be repeated.

Preliminary pilot testing

As with developing a new questionnaire, the prefinal version of the translated questionnaire should be pilot tested on a small sample (about 30–50)[21] of the intended respondents.[25],[26] After completing the translated questionnaire, the respondent is asked (verbally by an interviewer or via an open-ended question) to elaborate what they thought each questionnaire item and their corresponding response meant. This approach allows the investigator to make sure that the translated items retained the same meaning as the original items, and to ensure there is no confusion regarding the translated questionnaire. This process may be repeated a few times to finalize the final translated version of the questionnaire.

Summary

In this section, we provided a template for translating an existing questionnaire into a different language. Considering that most questionnaires were initially developed in one language (e.g., English when developed in English-speaking countries [25]), translated versions of the questionnaires are needed for researchers who intend to collect data among respondents who speak other languages. To compare responses across populations of different language and/or culture, researchers need to make sure that the questionnaires in different languages are assessing the equivalent construct with an equivalent metric. Although the translation process is time consuming and costly, it is the best method to ensure that a translated measure is equivalent to the original questionnaire.[28]


  Validating a Questionnaire Top


Initial validation

After the new or translated questionnaire items pass through preliminary pilot testing and subsequent revisions, it is time to conduct a pilot test among the intended respondents for initial validation. In this pilot test, the final version of the questionnaire is administered to a large representative sample of respondents for whom the questionnaire is intended. If the pilot test is conducted for small samples, the relatively large sampling errors may reduce the statistical power needed to validate the questionnaire.[2]

Reliability

The reliability of a questionnaire can be considered as the consistency of the survey results. As measurement error is present in content sampling, changes in respondents, and differences across raters, the consistency of a questionnaire can be evaluated using its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability, respectively.

Internal consistency

Internal consistency reflects the extent to which the questionnaire items are inter-correlated, or whether they are consistent in measurement of the same construct. Internal consistency is commonly estimated using the coefficient alpha,[29] also known as Cronbach's alpha. Given a questionnaire x, with k number of items, alpha (α) can be computed as:



Where, σi2 is the variance of item i, and σx2 is the total variance of the questionnaire.

Cronbach's alpha ranges from 0 to 1 (when some items are negatively correlated with other items in the questionnaire, it is possible to have negative values of Cronbach's alpha). When reverse-scored items are [incorrectly] not reverse scored, it can be easily remedied by correctly scoring the items. However, if a negative Cronbach's alpha is still obtained when all items are correctly scored, there are serious problems in the original design of the questionnaire), with higher values indicating that items are more strongly interrelated with one another. Cronbach's α = 0 indicates no internal consistency (i.e., none of the items are correlated with one another), whereas α = 1 reflects perfect internal consistency (i.e., all the items are perfectly correlated with one another). In practice, Cronbach's alpha of at least 0.70 has been suggested to indicate adequate internal consistency.[30] A low Cronbach's alpha value may be due to poor inter-relatedness between items; as such, items with low correlations with the questionnaire total score should be discarded or revised. As alpha is a function of the length of the questionnaire, alpha will increase with the number of items. In addition, alpha will increase if the variability of each item is increased. It is, therefore, possible to increase alpha by including more related items, or adding items that have more variability to the questionnaire. On the other hand, an alpha value that is too high (α ≥ 0.90) suggests that some questionnaire items may be redundant;[31] investigators may consider removing items that are essentially asking the same thing in multiple ways.

It is important to note that Cronbach's alpha is a property of the responses from a specific sample of respondents.[31] Investigators need to keep in mind that Cronbach's alpha is not “the” estimate of reliability for a questionnaire under all circumstances. Rather, the alpha value only indicates the extent to which the questionnaire is reliable for “a particular population of examinees.”[32] A questionnaire with excellent reliability with one sample may not necessarily have the same reliability in another. Therefore, the reliability of a questionnaire should be estimated each time the questionnaire is administered, including pilot testing and subsequent validation stages.

Test-retest reliability

Test-retest reliability refers to the extent to which individuals' responses to the questionnaire items remain relatively consistent across repeated administration of the same questionnaire or alternate questionnaire forms.[2] Provided the same individuals were administered the same questionnaires twice (or more), test-retest reliability can be evaluated using Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient (Pearson's r) or the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Pearson's r between the two questionnaires' responses can be referred to as the coefficient of stability. A larger stability coefficient indicates stronger test-retest reliability, reflecting that measurement error of the questionnaire is less likely to be attributable to changes in the individuals' responses over time.

Test-retest reliability can be considered the stability of respondents' attributes; it is applicable to questionnaires that are designed to measure personality traits, interest, or attitudes that are relatively stable across time, such as anxiety and pain catastrophizing. If the questionnaires are constructed to measure transitory attributes, such as pain intensity and quality of recovery, test-retest reliability is not applicable as the changes in respondents' responses between assessments are reflected in the instability of their responses. Although test-retest reliability is sometimes reported for scales that are intended to assess constructs that change between administrations, researchers should be aware that test-retest reliability is not applicable and does not provide useful information about the questionnaires of interest. Researchers should also be critical when evaluating the reliability estimates reported in such studies.

An important question to consider in estimating test-retest reliability is how much time should lapse between questionnaire administrations? If the duration between time 1 and time 2 is too short, individuals may remember their responses in time 1, which may overestimate the test-retest reliability. Respondents, especially those recovering from major surgery, may experience fatigue if the retest is administered shortly after the first administration, which may underestimate the test-retest reliability. On the other hand, if there is a long period of time between questionnaire administrations, individuals' responses may change due to other factors (e.g., a respondent may be taking pain management medications to treat chronic pain condition). Unfortunately, there is no single answer. The duration should be long enough to allow the effects of memory to fade and to prevent fatigue, but not so long as to allow changes to take place that may affect the test-retest reliability estimate.[17]

Inter-rater reliability

For questionnaires in which multiple raters complete the same instrument for each examinee (e.g., a checklist of behavior/symptoms), the extent to which raters are consistent in their observations across the same group of examinees can be evaluated. This consistency is referred to as the inter-rater reliability, or inter-rater agreement, and can be estimated using the kappa statistic.[33] Suppose two clinicians independently rated the same group of patients on their mobility after surgery (e.g., 0 = needs help of 2+ people; 1 = needs help of 1 person; 2 = independent), kappa (к) can be computed as follows:



Where, Po is the observed proportion of observations in which the two raters agree, and Pe is the expected proportion of observations in which the two raters agree by chance. Accordingly, к is the proportion of agreement between the two raters, after factoring out the proportion of agreement by chance. к ranges from 0 to 1, where к = 0 indicates all chance agreements and к =1 represents perfect agreement between the two raters. Others have suggested к = 0 as no agreement, к = 0.01 − 0.20 as poor agreement, к = 0.21 − 0.40 as slight agreement, к = 0.41 − 0.60 as fair agreement, к = 0.61 − 0.80 as good agreement, к = 0.81 − 0.92 as very good agreement, and к = 0.93 − 1 as excellent agreement.[34],[35] If more than two raters are used, an extension of Cohen's к statistic is available to compute the inter-rater reliability across multiple raters.[36]

Validity

The validity of a questionnaire is determined by analyzing whether the questionnaire measures what it is intended to measure. In other words, are the inferences and conclusions made based on the results of the questionnaire (i.e., test scores) valid?[37] Two major types of validity should be considered when validating a questionnaire: content validity and construct validity.

Content validity

Content validity refers to the extent to which the items in a questionnaire are representative of the entire theoretical construct the questionnaire is designed to assess.[17] Although the construct of interest determines which items are written and/or selected in the questionnaire development/translation phase, content validity of the questionnaire should be evaluated after the initial form of the questionnaire is available.[2] The process of content validation is particularly crucial in the development of a new questionnaire.

A panel of experts who are familiar with the construct that the questionnaire is designed to measure should be tasked with evaluating the content validity of the questionnaire. The experts judge, as a panel, whether the questionnaire items are adequately measuring the construct intended to assess, and whether the items are sufficient to measure the domain of interest. Several approaches to quantify the judgment of content validity across experts are also available, such as the content validity ratio [38] and content validation form.[39],[40] Nonetheless, as the process of content validation depends heavily on how well the panel of experts can assess the extent to which the construct of interest is operationalized, the selection of appropriate experts is crucial to ensure that content validity is evaluated adequately. Example items to assess content validity include:[41]

  • The questions were clear and easy
  • The questions covered all the problem areas with your pain
  • You would like the use of this questionnaire for future assessments
  • The questionnaire lacks important questions regarding your pain
  • Some of the questions violate your privacy.


A concept that is related to content validity is face validity. Face validity refers to the degree to which the respondents or laypersons judge the questionnaire items to be valid. Such judgment is based less on the technical components of the questionnaire items, but rather on whether the items appear to be measuring a construct that is meaningful to the respondents. Although this is the weakest way to establish the validity of a questionnaire, face validity may motivate respondents to answer more truthfully. For example, if patients perceive a quality of recovery questionnaire to be evaluating how well they are recovering from surgery, they may be more likely to respond in ways that reflect their recovery status.

Construct validity

Construct validity is the most important concept in evaluating a questionnaire that is designed to measure a construct that is not directly observable (e.g., pain, quality of recovery). If a questionnaire lacks construct validity, it will be difficult to interpret results from the questionnaire, and inferences cannot be drawn from questionnaire responses to a behavior domain. The construct validity of a questionnaire can be evaluated by estimating its association with other variables (or measures of a construct) with which it should be correlated positively, negatively, or not at all.[42] In practice, the questionnaire of interest, as well as the preexisting instruments that measure similar and dissimilar constructs, is administered to the same groups of individuals. Correlation matrices are then used to examine the expected patterns of associations between different measures of the same construct, and those between a questionnaire of a construct and other constructs. It has been suggested that correlation coefficients of 0.1 should be considered as small, 0.3 as moderate, and 0.5 as large.[43]

For instance, suppose a new scale is developed to assess pain among hospitalized patients. To provide evidence of construct validity for this new pain scale, we can examine how well patients' responses on the new scale correlate with the preexisting instruments that also measure pain. This is referred to as convergent validity. One would expect strong correlations between the new questionnaire and the existing measures of the same construct, since they are measuring the same theoretical construct.

Alternatively, the extent to which patients' responses on the new pain scale correlate with instruments that measure unrelated constructs, such as mobility or cognitive function, can be assessed. This is referred to as divergent validity. As pain is theoretically dissimilar to the constructs of mobility or cognitive function, we would expect zero, or very weak, correlation between the new pain questionnaire and instruments that assess mobility or cognitive function. [Table 2] describes different validation types and important definitions.
Table 2: Questionnaire-related terminology[16],[44],[45]

Click here to view


Subsequent validation

The process described so far defines the steps for initial validation. However, the usefulness of the scale is the ability to discriminate between different cohorts in the domain of interest. It is advised that several studies investigating different cohorts or interventions should be conducted to identify whether the scale can discriminate between groups. Ideally, these studies should have clearly defined outcomes where the changes in the domain of interest are well known. For example, in subsequent validation of the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale, four studies were constructed to show the ability to discriminate recovery and cognition in different cohorts of participants (mixed cohort, orthopedics, and otolaryngology), as well as a human volunteer study to calibrate the cognitive domain.[46],[47],[48],[49]

Sample size

Guidelines for the respondent-to-item ratio ranged from 5:1[50] (i.e., fifty respondents for a 10-item questionnaire), 10:1,[30] to 15:1 or 30:1.[51] Others suggested that sample sizes of 50 should be considered as very poor, 100 as poor, 200 as fair, 300 as good, 500 as very good, and 1000 or more as excellent.[52] Given the variation in the types of questionnaire being used, there are no absolute rules for the sample size needed to validate a questionnaire.[53] As larger samples are always better than smaller samples, it is recommended that investigators utilize as large a sample size as possible. The respondent-to-item ratios can be utilized to further strengthen the rationale for the large sample size when necessary.

Other considerations

Even though data collection using questionnaires is relatively easy, researchers should be cognizant about the necessary approvals that should be obtained prior to beginning the research project. Considering the differences in regulations and requirements in different countries, agencies, and institutions, researchers are advised to consult the research ethics committee at their agencies and/or institutions regarding the necessary approval needed and additional considerations that should be addressed.


  Conclusion Top


In this review, we provided guidelines on how to develop, validate, and translate a questionnaire for use in perioperative and pain medicine. The development and translation of a questionnaire requires investigators' thorough consideration of issues relating to the format of the questionnaire and the meaning and appropriateness of the items. Once the development or translation stage is completed, it is important to conduct a pilot test to ensure that the items can be understood and correctly interpreted by the intended respondents. The validation stage is crucial to ensure that the questionnaire is psychometrically sound. Although developing and translating a questionnaire is no easy task, the processes outlined in this article should enable researchers to end up with questionnaires that are efficient and effective in the target populations.

Financial support and sponsorship

Siny Tsang, PhD, was supported by the research training grant 5-T32-MH 13043 from the National Institute of Mental Health.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.



 
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    Figures

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    Tables

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68 Helping Behavior of Older Adults during the Early COVID-19 Lockdown in Belgium
Sarah Dury, Dorien Brosens, Honghui Pan, Andrea Principi, An-Sofie Smetcoren, Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Liesbeth De Donder
Research on Aging. 2022; : 0164027522
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69 Survey-based observational research: Quality, relevance and optimal use in the post-COVID-19 era
Durga Prasanna Misra, Vinod Ravindran
Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 2022; 52(3): 199
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70 The Effect of Organizational Culture on the Quality of Accounting Information Systems: Evidence From Vietnam
Vu Thi Thanh Binh, Nhat-Minh Tran, Manh-Chien Vu
SAGE Open. 2022; 12(3): 2158244022
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71 Arabic Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Questionnaire for Patellar Tendinopathy
Abdulrahman S. Alshabanat, Shady A. Alshewaier, Raed M. Alotaibi, Abdulaziz A. Alkathiry
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2022; 10(11): 2325967122
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72 The cross-cultural adaptation and factor analysis of the Turkish version of Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale Long Version
Aysun Yagci Sentürk, Ayse Livanelioglu
International Journal of Older People Nursing. 2022;
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73 WHO standards-based tool to measure women’s views on the quality of care around the time of childbirth at facility level in the WHO European region: development and validation in Italy
Marzia Lazzerini, Giorgia Argentini, Ilaria Mariani, Benedetta Covi, Chiara Semenzato, O Lincetto, Moise Muzigaba, Emanuelle Pessa Valente
BMJ Open. 2022; 12(2): e048195
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74 WHO standards-based tools to measure service providers’ and service users’ views on the quality of hospital child care: development and validation in Italy
Marzia Lazzerini, Ilaria Mariani, Tereza Rebecca de Melo e Lima, Enrico Felici, Stefano Martelossi, Riccardo Lubrano, Annunziata Lucarelli, Gian Luca Trobia, Paola Cogo, Francesca Peri, Daniela Nisticò, Wilson Milton Were, Valentina Baltag, Moise Muzigaba, Egidio Barbi
BMJ Open. 2022; 12(3): e052115
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75 Framework to assess the quality of mHealth apps: a mixed-method international case study protocol
Yong Yu Tan, Fionn Woulfe, Griphin Baxter Chirambo, Patrick Henn, Liezel Cilliers, Kayode Philip Fadahunsi, Simon D Taylor-Robinson, John O'Donoghue
BMJ Open. 2022; 12(10): e062909
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76 A Trust Scale for Human-Robot Interaction: Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of a Human Computer Trust Scale
Ana Pinto, Sónia Sousa, Ana Simões, Joana Santos, Zheng Yan
Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. 2022; 2022: 1
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77 The Effect of an Education Module to Reduce Weight Bias among Medical Centers Employees: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Shiri Sherf-Dagan, Yafit Kessler, Limor Mardy-Tilbor, Asnat Raziel, Nasser Sakran, Mona Boaz, Vered Kaufman-Shriqui
Obesity Facts. 2022; 15(3): 384
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78 Validation of the Symptom Questionnaire for Visual Dysfunctions (SQVD): A Questionnaire to Evaluate Symptoms of any Type of Visual Dysfunctions
Pilar Cacho-Martínez, Mario Cantó-Cerdán, Francisco Lara-Lacárcel, Ángel García-Muñoz
Translational Vision Science & Technology. 2022; 11(2): 7
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79 Spanish Translation, Validation, and Factor Structure of the Religious/Spiritual Struggles Scale With Puerto Rican Adults
Orlando M. Pagán-Torres, Eduardo Cumba-Avilés
Journal of Psychology and Theology. 2022; : 0091647122
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80 Practice of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 and reduction of the risk of influenza-like illness: a cross-sectional population-based study
Dalal Youssef, Ola Issa, Maysaloun Kanso, Janet Youssef, Linda Abou-Abbas, Edmond Abboud
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice. 2022; 15(1)
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81 Chinese translation and validation of the adolescent sleep wake scale
Ya-Ting Carolyn Yang, Han-Yun Chang, Chung-Yao Hsu, Cheng-Yu Lin, Jamie M Zeitzer
Sleep Science and Practice. 2022; 6(1)
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82 The promise of computer adaptive testing in collection of orthopaedic outcomes: an evaluation of PROMIS utilization
Liam H. Wong, James E. Meeker
Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes. 2022; 6(1)
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83 Food safety knowledge and practice of abattoir and butcher shop workers: a health risk management perspective
Daniel Teshome Gebeyehu, Habtam Tsegaye
One Health Outlook. 2022; 4(1)
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84 Translation, validity and reliability of the Danish version of the Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire
Alessandro Andreucci, Christian Lund Straszek, Michael Skovdal Rathleff, Clara Guldhammer, Rocio de la Vega, Tonya M. Palermo
F1000Research. 2022; 9: 1029
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85 Translation, validity and reliability of the Danish version of the Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire
Alessandro Andreucci, Christian Lund Straszek, Michael Skovdal Rathleff, Clara Guldhammer, Rocio de la Vega, Tonya M. Palermo
F1000Research. 2022; 9: 1029
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86 Development and Validation of a Questionnaire for Assessing Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India
Anuradha H. V Anuradha H. V, Sanjana Prabhu P
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2022; 15(1): 363
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87 Cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Malay Shoulder Pain and Disability Index
Caryn-Ann Ho, Jerri Chiu Yun Ling, Samihah Abdul Karim, Fatih Özden
PLOS ONE. 2022; 17(3): e0265198
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88 Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Sinhala version of electronic health literacy scale: A cross-sectional validation study
Sarath Rathnayake, Indrajith Prasanna Liyanage, Dragan Pamucar
PLOS ONE. 2022; 17(4): e0266515
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89 Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Existence Scale
Othman A. Alfuqaha, Mohammed M. Al-Hammouri, Jehad A. Rababah, Bayan A. Alfoqha, Ola N. Alfuqaha, Moh’d Fayeq F. Haha, Suzan S. Musa, Aseel A. Matter, Ali Montazeri
PLOS ONE. 2022; 17(4): e0267321
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90 Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the Morisky, Green and Levine (MGL) adherence scale
Oriana Awwad, Suha AlMuhaissen, Ayat Al-Nashwan, Salahdein AbuRuz, James Mockridge
PLOS ONE. 2022; 17(10): e0275778
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91 Knowledge, attitude, and practices on occupational health and safety principles among cleaners: the case of Tikur Anbassa Specialized Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Getachew Dagnew Gebreeyessus
Open Health. 2022; 3(1): 22
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92 Cognitive attentional syndrome in Hong Kong people with depression
Kino Chiu-Kim Lam, Hector Wing-Hong Tsang
Environmental and Occupational Health Practice. 2022;
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93 Bel Agrisi olan Hastalar için Profil Uygunluk Haritalama Anketinin Türkçe Versiyonunun Güvenilirligi, Geçerliligi ve Kültürler Arasi Uyarlamasi
Nezire KÖSE, Hatice ÇETIN, Ceyhun TÜRKMEN, Esra DÜLGER, Haluk TEKERLEK, Sevil BILGIN
Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2022;
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94 Concurrent Validation of the Russian Version of Patient-Completed Caprini Risk Assessment Tool in Surgical Patients
K.V. Lobastov, E.V. Sautina, A.V. Kovalchuk, I.V. Gritskova, I.V. Schastlivtsev, L.A. Laberko
Flebologiia. 2022; 16(1): 6
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95 Verification of the Psychometric Characteristics of the Nijmegen Questionnaire for the Diagnosis of Dysfunctional Breathing During the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Russian Sample
E.I. Pervichko, O.V. Mitina, J.E. Koniukhovskaia, O.B. Stepanova
Clinical Psychology and Special Education. 2022; 11(3): 262
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96 Translation and validation in Greek of the Central Vancouver Island Multicultural Society Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Checklist for health professionals
Alexandros Argyriadis, Evanthia Asimakopoulou, Evridiki Patelarou, Ioannis Andriopoulos, Athina Patelarou, Panagiotis Paoullis, Michalis Zografakis-Sfakianakis, Agathi Argyriadi
Population Medicine. 2022; 4(May): 1
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97 Development and Validation of the Italian “Brief Five-Item Chronic Pain Questionnaire” for Epidemiological Studies
Virgilia Toccaceli, Michael Tenti, Maria Antonietta Stazi, Corrado Fagnani, Emanuela Medda, Lidia Gargiulo, Alessandra Burgio, Letizia Sampaolo, Maurizio Ferri, William Raffaeli
Journal of Pain Research. 2022; Volume 15: 1897
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98 Perceived idle wait and associated emotional discomfort: An analysis of retail waiting experience
Vinish P, Prakash Pinto, Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar
Innovative Marketing. 2022; 18(1): 1
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99 Coping emotional discomfort at retail checkout: Potential distractions and implications
Vinish P, Prakash Pinto, Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar , M. M. Munshi
Innovative Marketing. 2022; 18(3): 159
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100 Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale in Postoperative Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate Patients
Salshabia Gabrielle Raissa Tasman, Farah Asnely Putri, Tantry Maulina
The Open Dentistry Journal. 2022; 16(1)
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101 Prevalence of Visual Disorders among Urban Palestinian Preschool Children
Liana Labadi, Reem Shahin, Frank Eperjesi, Yousef Al-Shanti, Mohammad Shehadeh, Ibrahim Taha
The Open Ophthalmology Journal. 2022; 16(1)
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102 Usage of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Related Factors among Patients Receiving Healthcare in Lesotho
Thuso Mokhesi, Perpetua Modjadji
The Open Public Health Journal. 2022; 15(1)
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103 The Impact of Mobile Health Use on the Self-care of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Lucija Gosak, Majda Pajnkihar, Gregor Stiglic
JMIR Research Protocols. 2022; 11(6): e31652
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104 Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale in Arabic and French: Protocol for the translation and validation in the WHO EMRO region (Preprint)
Radwa Nour, Leigh Powell, Wafa K Alnakhi, Heba Mamdouh, Youness Zidoun, Hamid Y Hussain, Hanan Al Suwaidi, Nabil Zary
JMIR Research Protocols. 2022;
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105 Training and physiological characteristics of American and Japanese female track and field athletes
Yuka TSUKAHARA, Rudolph A. MASON, Aleksandra MACZNIK
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2022; 62(9)
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106 The GLU-10: a validated ten-point score to identify poorly instructed celiac patients in need of dietary interventions
Marta VERNERO, Annalisa SCHIEPATTI, Stiliano MAIMARIS, Francesca LUSETTI, Davide SCALVINI, Fabiola MEGANG, Maria L. NICOLARDI, Gian M. GABRIELLI, Elisa SPRIO, Paola BAIARDI, Federico BIAGI
Minerva Gastroenterology. 2022; 68(1)
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107 Improving Customer Satisfaction for SMES in Emerging Countries: A Comparative Study of Hungary and Indonesia
Santi Setyaningsih, Peter Kelle
Studies in Business and Economics. 2022; 17(3): 204
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108 Data-driven phenotyping of preoperative functional decline patterns in patients undergoing lumbar decompression and lumbar fusion using smartphone accelerometry
Hasan S. Ahmad, Shikha Singh, Kenneth Jiao, Gregory W. Basil, Andrew I. Yang, Michael Y. Wang, William C. Welch, Jang W. Yoon
Neurosurgical Focus. 2022; 52(4): E4
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109 Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Assessment on COVID-19 infection: A Systematic Review Protocol
Izzaty Dalawi, Mohamad Rodi Isa, Xin Wee Chen, Zahir Izuan Azhar, Ahmad Nazim Aimran
Journal of Comprehensive Nursing Research and Care. 2022; 7(1)
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110 Critical appraisal of medical literature in undergraduate and postgraduate medical students
Mona Mlika, Abdelmajid Naceur, Chadli Dziri, Mohamed Hédi Loueslati, Faouzi Mezni, Lilia Zakhama, Iheb Labbene, Mohamed Jouini
Frontiers in Education. 2022; 7
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111 Translation of the Pasieka’s Parathyroid Assessment of Symptoms Questionnaire (PAS-Q) for Use in the Greek Population
Georgios Tzikos, Christina Manani, Fotini Adamidou, Alexandra Menni, Moysis Moysidis, Despoina Tsalkatidou, Angeliki Chorti, Kalliopi Kotsa, Konstantinos Toulis, Panagiotis Anagnostis, Antonios Michalopoulos, Theodosios Papavramidis
Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2022; 13
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112 Implementation of Harmonized Food Consumption Data Collection in the Balkan Region According to the EFSA EU Menu Methodology Standards
Mirjana Gurinovic, Marina Nikolic, Milica Zekovic, Jelena Mileševic, Agnes Kadvan, Marija Ranic, Maria Glibetic
Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022; 8
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113 Research data services in libraries: a systematic literature review
Muhammad Safdar, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif, Murtaza Ashiq
Information Discovery and Delivery. 2022;
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114 Information literacy: assessment of undergraduate and graduate nursing students
Rabia S. Allari, Khaldoun Hamdan, Maha Alkaid Albqoor, Abeer Shaheen
Reference Services Review. 2022; ahead-of-p(ahead-of-p)
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115 The effects of a mobile application for patient participation to improve patient safety
Nam-Ju Lee, Shinae Ahn, Miseon Lee
Health Expectations. 2022;
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116 Development and validation of an International Patient’s Attitudes to Prevention in Oral Health Questionnaire
Julia Csikar, Heather Leggett, Karen Vinall-Collier, Helen Whelton, Susan Pavitt, Jing Kang, Gail V.A. Douglas
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 2022;
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117 Assistive Technology for Students with Intellectual Disability: Examining Special Education Teachers ‘ Perceptions in Saudi Arabia
Mona F. Sulaimani, Nizar H. Bagadood
Assistive Technology. 2022;
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118 Translation, Psychometric Evaluation, and Validation of the Croatian Version of the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ)
Mate Juric, Franjo Pehar, Nikolina Peša Pavlovic
International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. 2022; : 1
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119 Reliability and Validity of Arabic Translation of Child Sexual Abuse Questionnaire for Use in Children and Adolescents
Hanan Abu El-Nasr, Zeinab Mohamed El Nagar, Mona Medhat Reda, Tarek Mohamed El-Sehrawy
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2022; : 1
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120 DEVELOPMENT OF THE POSTURAL HABITS AND AWARENESS SCALE (PHAS): A RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY STUDY
Banu Bayar, Asalet Aybüke Güp, Dilara Özen Oruk, Özge Ipek Dongaz, Eralp Dogu, Kiliçhan Bayar
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 2022; : 1
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121 The general public’s intent to receive a COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia
Fatmah Almoayad, Lujain Abdullah Bin-Amer, Nujud Talea Althubyani, Sarah Mohammed Alajmi, Aljoharah Abdullah Alshammari, Reema Abdulrhman Alsuwayal
International Journal of Health Promotion and Education. 2022; : 1
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122 Examining the perceptions of needs, services and abilities of Czech and North Macedonian caregivers of children with autism and trainers
Sheri Kingsdorf, Karel Pancocha, Jasmina Troshanska, Teuta Ramadani Rasimi
International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. 2022; : 1
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123 The moderating role of gender in the effect of self-monitoring personality trait on emotional labor strategies
Sunday Samson Babalola, Chiyem Lucky Nwanzu, Carlos Gomez Corona
Cogent Business & Management. 2022; 9(1)
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124 The impact of user emotions on intentions to continue using online food delivery applications: the influence of application quality attributes
Putu Wuri Handayani, Safa Fathya Azzizah, Audrey Annisa
Cogent Business & Management. 2022; 9(1)
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125 Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Health Belief Model Questionnaire (HBMQ) for weight management behaviour for use in a Southeast Asian country
Sivasankari Raman, Siew Chin Ong, Guat See Ooi
Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research. 2022;
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126 Association Between Self-care and Resilience
Michelle M. van Rijn, Tiny Jaarsma, Janneke M. de Man-van Ginkel, Saskia W.M. Weldam
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2022; Publish Ah
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127 Reliability and Validity of a Turkish Version of Multi-Factor Attitude Toward Condoms Scale: A Methodological Study
Serpil Ozdemir, Emine Oz, Kazim Emre Karasahin, Burcu Kucuk Bicer
Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 2022; Publish Ah
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128 Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Arabic Version of the Aging Voice Index
Arwa A. Alkhunaizi, Mohammed Almohizea, Manal Bukhari, Rafeef I. Alhajress, Khalid H. Malki, Tamer A. Mesallam
Journal of Voice. 2022;
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129 Attitudinal responses to current concepts and opinions from pain neuroscience education on social media
Asaf Weisman, Tomer Yona, Uri Gottlieb, Youssef Masharawi
Musculoskeletal Science and Practice. 2022; 59: 102551
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130 Validation of the French translation of a self-administered questionnaire looking for a history of pre-eclampsia
Casilda Albert, Lucie Corlay, Marc Beaumont, Meghan Smith, Emmanuelle Courtois Communier, Emmanuel Nowak, Philippe Merviel, Christophe Tremouilhac, Jacob Hannigsberg, Sarah Herrmann, Pierre-François Dupré, Claire de Moreuil
Pregnancy Hypertension. 2022;
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131 Validation of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) in the Tunisian dialect
N. Cheffi, O. Chakroun-Walha, R. Sellami, R. Ouali, D. Mnif, F. Guermazi, F. Issaoui, M. Lajmi, B. Benamar, J. Damak, N. Rekik, J. Masmoudi
Public Health. 2022; 202: 100
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132 Adaptation and validation of a protein intake screening tool for a UK adult population
Esme R. Tuttiett, Elysa Ioannou, Hanneke A.H. Wijnhoven, Bernard M. Corfe, Elizabeth A. Williams
Journal of Nutritional Science. 2022; 11
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133 Development and test–retest reliability of the Combat Sports Post-Career Health Questionnaire (CSPCHQ)
Saša Krstulovic, Emerson Franchini, David H. Fukuda, Jeffrey R. Stout, Óscar DelCastillo-Andrés, Goran Kuvacic
British Journal of Nutrition. 2022; : 1
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134 Technical report: an online international weight control registry to inform precision approaches to healthy weight management
Susan B. Roberts, Sai Krupa Das, R. Drew Sayer, Ann E. Caldwell, Holly R. Wyatt, Tapan S. Mehta, Anna M. Gorczyca, Jennifer L. Oslund, John C. Peters, James E. Friedman, Chia-Ying Chiu, Frank L. Greenway, Joseph E. Donnelly, Maria Carlota Dao, Adolfo G. Cuevas, Olivia Affuso, Larrell L. Wilkinson, Diana Thomas, Ebaa Al-Ozairi, Mary Yannakoulia, Yeganeh M. Khazrai, Raoul J. Manalac, Vasil Bachiashvili, James O. Hill
International Journal of Obesity. 2022;
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135 Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale
Omer Faruk Uygur, Hilal Uygur, Seockhoon Chung, Oli Ahmed, Dudu Demiroz, Esat Fahri Aydin, Onur Hursitoglu
Sleep Medicine. 2022;
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136 Articaine: dental practitioner use, basis of perception and evidence-based dentistry—a cross-sectional study
Erica Martin, Andrew Lee, Ernest Jennings
BDJ Open. 2022; 8(1)
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137 An empirical assessment of the factors influencing acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine uptake between Kenyan and Hungarian residing populations: A cross-sectional study
John M. Macharia, Grace W. Gakenye, Nóra Rozmann, David Onchonga, Ruth W. Mwangi, Zsolt Kaposztas, John M. Mathenge, Dorina Pusztai, Marton Pinter, Miklos Sugar, Bence L. Raposa
Scientific Reports. 2022; 12(1)
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138 Speech-Language Pathologists' Feelings and Practices Regarding Technological Apps in School Service Delivery
Arnold Olszewski, Erika Smith, Amber D. Franklin
Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. 2022; : 1
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139 Validación de medidas de resultados informados por los pacientes en Ortopedia y Traumatología
Catalina Vidal, María Jesús Lira, Pablo Besa, Maximiliano Carmona, Sebastián Irarrázaval
Revista Chilena de Ortopedia y Traumatología. 2022;
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140 The Bilingual Code-Switching Profile (BCSP)
Daniel J. Olson
Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism. 2022;
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141 Instruments to measure skills and knowledge of physicians and medical students in palliative care: A systematic review of psychometric properties
Mónica López-García, Leticia Rubio, Stella Martin-de-las-Heras, Juan Suárez, María D. Pérez-Cárceles, Jaime Martin-Martin
Medical Teacher. 2022; : 1
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142 Music moves – Ettlingen dementia study: Protocol of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Elsa A. Campbell, Thomas Wosch
Nordic Journal of Music Therapy. 2022; : 1
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143 Environmental Concern and Public Attitudes Toward Marine Life in Coastal China
Mo Chen, Pim Martens
Anthrozoös. 2022; : 1
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144 The Greek version of shoulder rating questionnaire (SRQ): Translation, cultural adaptation, a reliability and validity study in patients with rotator cuff related shoulder pain
Areti Zoe Cheimonidou, Apostolos Stergioulas, Demetris Lamnisos, Petros Galanis, Dimitrios Stasinopoulos
Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 2022; : 1
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145 Psychometric Properties of the Danish Version of the Questionnaire Professionals’ Attitudes towards Addressing Sexual Health (PA-SH-D)
Caroline M. Elnegaard, Jan Christensen, Jette Thuesen, Kristina Areskoug-Josefsson, Helle N. Gerbild
Sexual Medicine. 2022; 10(4): 100527
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146 A questionnaire to collect unintended effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A consensus based approach
A. Giustiniani, A. Vallesi, M. Oliveri, V. Tarantino, E. Ambrosini, M. Bortoletto, F. Masina, P. Busan, H.R. Siebner, L. Fadiga, G. Koch, L. Leocani, J.P. Lefaucheur, A. Rotenberg, A. Zangen, I.R. Violante, V. Moliadze, O.L. Gamboa, Y. Ugawa, A. Pascual-Leone, U. Ziemann, C. Miniussi, F. Burgio
Clinical Neurophysiology. 2022;
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147 Application areas and effects of aquatic therapy WATSU – A survey among practitioners
Agnes M. Schitter, Lorenz Radlinger, Nicolas Kurpiers, Peter Frei
Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2022; 46: 101513
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148 An exploratory study on the knowledge, attitude and practice of sharp disposal among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Northern Peninsular Malaysia
Jin Yi Choo, Yen Ping Ng, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Abdul Jamil, Wei Kai Heng, Yee Mei Ng, Jing Ng, Cheng Hoon Yap
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2022; 16(4): 102479
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149 Accuracy of a self-reported Measure in Psychological Assessment when the Instrument is self-administered by the Patient or when Administrated by the Clinician
Atul Kumar Goyal, Jaimanti Bakshi, Naresh K Panda, Rakesh Kapoor, Dharam Vir, Krishan Kumar, Pankaj Aneja
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2022;
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150 Prediction of human restorative experience for human-centered residential architecture design: A non-immersive VR–DOE-based machine learning method
Yuxuan Zhang, Bo Xiao, Mohamed Al-Hussein, Xinming Li
Automation in Construction. 2022; 136: 104189
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151 Urban informal waste recycling in Tehran: knowledge, attitudes and practices towards health risks during recycling process
Zahra Ghaedrahmati, Mohtasham Ghaffari, Yadollah Mehrabi, Nadali Alavi, Fatemeh Amereh, Kasra Roostaei, Mohammad Rafiee
Cleaner Waste Systems. 2022; : 100064
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152 Translation and validation of the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) in Chinese during the COVID-19 telehealth Surge
Fred Gong, Christine Chen, Jacob Bamberger, Susan Gong, Jerry G. Blaivas, Jeffrey P. Weiss, Wellman W. Cheung
Continence Reports. 2022; : 100016
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153 Development of a survey to assess the impact of substance use disorder education on student pharmacists' perspective
Simone Chebabo-Weiner, Stacey N. Williams, Mamta Parikh, Shayne Wharton, Tejas Patel
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning. 2022;
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154 The psychological consequences of the ecological crisis: Three new questionnaires to assess eco-anxiety, eco-guilt, and ecological grief
Ágoston Csilla, Urbán Róbert, Nagy Bence, Csaba Benedek, Kováry Zoltán, Kovács Kristóf, Varga Attila, Dúll Andrea, Mónus Ferenc, Shaw A. Carrie, Demetrovics Zsolt
Climate Risk Management. 2022; : 100441
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155 Consumer impulse buying behavior: the role of confidence as moderating effect
Van Dat Tran
Heliyon. 2022; 8(6): e09672
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156 Health promotion and disease prevention services before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide survey from Thailand
Nuntaporn Klinjun, Apichai Wattanapisit, Chutima Rodniam, Thanawan Songprasert, Kannika Srisomthrong, Pornchanuch Chumpunuch, Supattra Srivanichakorn, Pattara Sanchaisuriya, Patcharin Pingmuangkaew
Heliyon. 2022; 8(12): e12014
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157 The patterns and determinants of telemedicine use during the COVID-19 crisis: A nationwide study
Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani, Raghad Al-Dulaymi, Husam El Sharu, Zaid Alwarawrah, Osama Mohamed Ibrahim, Nadia Al Mazrouei
Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2022;
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158 Psychometric properties of Chinese Translated body compassion scale (BCS) among Hong Kong adolescents
Ming Yu Claudia Wong, Pak Kwong Chung, Ka Man Leung
Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness. 2022; 20(1): 54
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
159 Translational and Linguistic Validation of the Arabic Version of Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score Questionnaire
Ahmed Zoeir, Tarek Gameel, Ayman Hagras, Abdulla Khamis, Ahmed Fouad, Ayman Moussa, Osama El-gamal, Walid Farhat, Darius J. Bägli, Ahmed Eissa
Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2022;
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160 Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A, B and C Among a Sample of Refugees in Egypt: An Exploratory Survey
Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany, Ayat Ashour, Marwa M. Fekry, Ehab Elrewany, Azza Galal Farghaly, Eman A. Omran
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health. 2022;
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161 Impact of you only live once: A resilience-based HIV prevention intervention to reduce risky sexual behaviour among youth in South Africa
Fungai Mbengo, Esther Adama, Amanda Towell-Barnard, Arvin Bhana, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah, Maggie Zgambo
Acta Psychologica. 2022; 230: 103757
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162 Breast Cancer Knowledge and Screening Awareness among Women Attending Well Women Clinic
Norashidah Haji Zaini, Norhalizawaty Haji Abdul Razak, Hanif Abdul Rahman, Khadizah H. Abdul-Mumin
Indian Journal of Gynecologic Oncology. 2022; 20(1)
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
163 Validation of parental stress scale in a Greek sample of mothers with infants from 0 to 12 months
Chrysoula Ekizoglou, Eleni Vousoura, Dimitrios Anagnostopoulos, Charalampos Papageorgiou, Ioannis M. Zervas
Infant Mental Health Journal. 2022;
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164 Characterizing People Who Inject Drugs with no History of Opioid Agonist Therapy Uptake in Iran: Results from a National Bio-behavioural Surveillance Survey in 2020
Fatemeh Mehrabi, Soheil Mehmandoost, Ali Mirzazadeh, Alireza Noroozi, Fatemeh Tavakoli, Hossein Mirzaei, Mehrdad Khezri, Ghazal Mousavian, Nima Ghalekhani, Parvin Afsar Kazerooni, Fatemeh Navaiian, Zahra Farajzadeh, Mostafa Shokoohi, Hamid Sharifi, Mohammad Karamouzian
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2022;
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165 Relationship between workplace romance, job involvement, and work effort: moderating roles of gender and workplace romance types
Muhammad Aamir Shafique Khan, Jianguo Du, Farooq Anwar, Sikandar Ali Qalati, Muhammad Waqas, Shuja Iqbal
Current Psychology. 2022;
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166 Transcultural Adaptation and Validation of the Turkish Version of the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index
Sibel Yilmaz Sahin, Bediye Oztas, Eda Kural, Emine Iyigun
Indian Journal of Surgery. 2022;
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167 Twelve Weeks of Additional Fish Intake Improves the Cognition of Cognitively Intact, Resource-Limited Elderly People: A Randomized Control Trial
Lizette Kühn, U. E. MacIntyre, C. Kotzé, P. J. Becker, F. A. M. Wenhold
The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2022;
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168 Three-Minute Diagnostic Assessment for Delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM): French translation and cultural adaptation
John G. Gaudet, Corey Kull, Marc L. Eskenazi, John Diaper, Julien Maillard, Florence Mollard, Christophe Marti, Edward R. Marcantonio, Delphine S. Courvoisier, Bernhard Walder
Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie. 2022;
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169 Solar energy for sustainability in Africa: The challenges of socio-economic factors and technical complexities
Rashid Maqbool, Stephen Arome Akubo
International Journal of Energy Research. 2022;
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170 The short form endometriosis health profile questionnaire (EHP-5): psychometric validity assessment of a Croatian version
Mislav Mikuš, Luka Matak, Goran Vujic, Bernarda Škegro, Ivan Škegro, Goran Augustin, Antonio Simone Lagana, Mario Coric
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2022;
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171 The intraocular implant and visual rehabilitation improve the quality of life of elderly patients with geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration
Jana Nekolova, Jan Kremlacek, Jiri Lukavsky, Radovan Sikl, Martin Sin, Jana Langrova, Jana Szanyi, Nada Jiraskova
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2022;
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172 Advances and challenges in the detection of academic stress and anxiety in the classroom: A literature review and recommendations
Laura P. Jiménez-Mijangos, Jorge Rodríguez-Arce, Rigoberto Martínez-Méndez, José Javier Reyes-Lagos
Education and Information Technologies. 2022;
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173 Validation of the Actually Received Support Scale for Chinese Adolescents Experiencing School Bullying
Jianli Xing, Ted C. T. Fong, Rainbow T. H. Ho
Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2021; 30(7): 1712
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174 The Association of Social Determinants of Health with Somali Refugee Mother–Child Caries
Priscilla M. Flynn, Ashley Petersen, Jodie Entinger, Abdulkadir Shire
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2021; 23(3): 615
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175 Independent Psychometric Evaluation and Predictive Utility of The Social Anxiety Questionnaire
Jacob D. Kraft, DeMond M. Grant, Kaitlyn M. Nagel, Danielle E. Deros, Kristen E. Frosio, Danielle L. Taylor, Evan J. White
Psychiatric Quarterly. 2021;
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176 The Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire (MSISQ-15): Validation and Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Greek Version in MS Patients
M. Tzitzika, C. C. Daoultzis, C. Konstantinidis, P. Kordoutis
Sexuality and Disability. 2021; 39(3): 495
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177 Postoperative inguinal pain and disability after Lichtenstein versus ONSTEP hernia repair: analysis of responses to the inguinal pain questionnaire in Spanish
Jorge Aguilar-García, Rodrigo Villafuerte-Fernandez, Perla I. Ntezes-Hidalgo, Jose A. Meade-Aguilar, Jose L. Ramirez-GarciaLuna, Mario A. Martinez-Jimenez
Surgery Today. 2021; 51(5): 703
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178 Turkish version of the faces version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDASf): translation, reliability, and validity
Ipek Arslan, Sema Aydinoglu
Clinical Oral Investigations. 2021;
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179 Biological therapy in rheumatoid vasculitis: a systematic review
Débora Patrícia Alves de Cerqueira, Ana Luisa Souza Pedreira, Marcelo Gomes de Cerqueira, Mittermayer Barreto Santiago
Clinical Rheumatology. 2021; 40(5): 1717
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180 Information before discharge in geriatric patients in Italy: cultural adaptation and validation of the Patient Continuity of Care Questionnaire
Gabriella Facchinetti, Michela Piredda, Davide Ausili, Veronica Angaroni, Beatrice Albanesi, Anna Marchetti, Stefania Di Mauro, Maria Grazia De Marinis
European Journal of Ageing. 2021; 18(1): 99
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181 Preliminary validation of the European Portuguese version of the Robotic Social Attributes Scale ( RoSAS )
Raquel Oliveira, Patrícia Arriaga, Steven J. Stroessner, Ana Paiva
Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. 2021;
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182 A quality-of-life questionnaire for heavy menstrual bleeding in Thai women receiving oral antithrombotics: Assessment of the translated Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire
Tinaram Rodpetch, Jittima Manonai, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Kochawan Boonyawat
Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2021; 5(7)
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183 Analgesic drug use of recreational and competitive badminton players: Starting points for prevention
Elke Ochsmann, Caroline Koinzer
Translational Sports Medicine. 2021; 4(4): 458
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184 Assessment of patients' understanding of inflammatory bowel diseases: Development and validation of a questionnaire
Gaiana Ostromohov, Morin Fibelman, Ayal Hirsch, Yulia Ron, Nathaniel Aviv Cohen, Revital Kariv, Liat Deutsch, Jasmine Kornblum, Ronit Anbar, Nitsan Maharshak, Naomi Fliss-Isakov
United European Gastroenterology Journal. 2021;
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185 Development and validation of a cognitive, affective and behaviour questionnaire on pet-associated zoonotic diseases (CAB-ZDQ)
Teresa Sui Mien Yong, Albeny Joslyn Panting, Nurashma Juatan, Komathi Perialathan, Masitah Ahmad, Nor Haryati Ahmad Sanusi, Latiffah Hassan, Rohani Jahis, Norita Shamsudin, Siew Lee Yap, Nur Izzati Norshamsul, Maryam Pisol, Mohammad Zabri Johari
Veterinary Medicine and Science. 2021; 7(5): 1558
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186 Translation and Validation of Shame and Stigma Scale for Head and Neck Cancer into the Hindi Language
Atul Kumar Goyal, Jaimanti Bakshi, Naresh K. Panda, Rakesh Kapoor, Dharam Vir, Krishan Kumar, Pankaj Aneja, Balwinder Singh, Meenu Gupta, Sumittar Singh Walia
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. 2021;
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187 The Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Related Public-Health Measures on Training Behaviours of Individuals Previously Participating in Resistance Training: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
James Steele, Patroklos Androulakis-Korakakis, Luke Carlson, David Williams, Stuart Phillips, Dave Smith, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Jeremy P. Loenneke, Richard Winett, Takashi Abe, Stéphane Dufour, Martino V. Franchi, Fabio Sarto, Tommy R. Lundberg, Paulo Gentil, Thue Kvorning, Jürgen Giessing, Milan Sedliak, Antonio Paoli, Fiona Spotswood, Alex Lucas, James P. Fisher
Sports Medicine. 2021; 51(7): 1561
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188 A systems approach to investigating non-functionality in rural water schemes: a case study
Mduduzi Innocent Shongwe, Sabelo Dlamini
Sustainable Water Resources Management. 2021; 7(3)
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189 Orientations toward ‘people’ and ‘things’ are associated with nature connectedness in a representative sample of the French adult population
Anne-Claire Maurice, Anne-Caroline Prévot, Carmen Bessa-Gomes, Emmanuelle Baudry
Sustainability Science. 2021; 16(5): 1489
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190 The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis-31 (QUALEFFO-31)
Bugra Ince, Okan Kucukakkas
Archives of Osteoporosis. 2021; 16(1)
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191 Pharmacists' experiences of consumer stockpiling: Insights from COVID-19
Eliza E. Cameron, Simon A. Moss, Samuel J. Keitaanpaa, Mary-Jessimine A. Bushell
Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. 2021;
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192 A Hybrid Method for the Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures
Atul Kumar Goyal, Jaimanti Bakshi, Naresh K Panda, Rakesh Kapoor, Dharam Vir, Krishan Kumar, Pankaj Aneja, Balwinder Singh, Meenu Gupta, Sumittar Singh Walia
International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology. 2021; 6(1): 45
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193 The Use of Hypnotics for Insomnia Disorder in Saudi Arabia: A Survey of Patients’ Experiences and Perceptions
Ali M. Dobia, Kath M. Ryan, Ahmed S. BaHammam, Mohammed H. Abutaleb, Rawaah Y. Alwadani, Alexander D. Edwards
Sleep and Vigilance. 2021; 5(2): 235
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194 British Soccer Academy Personnel Perceive Psychological and Technical/Tactical Attributes as the Most Important Contributors to Development
Rich J. Kite, Mark R. Noon, Rhys Morris, Peter Mundy, Neil D. Clarke
Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise. 2021;
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195 A Weighted Scoring System Based on Preoperative and Long-Term Patient-Reported Outcome Measures to Guide Timing of Knee Arthroplasty
Yong Zhi Khow, Ming Han Lincoln Liow, Zhi Guang Felix Yeoh, Jerry Yongqiang Chen, Ngai Nung Lo, Seng Jin Yeo
The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2021; 36(12): 3894
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196 Validation of the Italian version of the ROSIER scale for stroke patients at triage
Stefano Terzoni, Anne Destrebecq, Francesca Modaffari, Fabiano Prendin, Paolo Ferrara
Australasian Emergency Care. 2021;
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197 The Future of Sleep Measurements
Erna Sif Arnardottir, Anna Sigridur Islind, María Óskarsdóttir
Sleep Medicine Clinics. 2021; 16(3): 447
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198 Development, translation, and validation of a bilingual questionnaire on unused medications in homes
Mutaseim Makki, Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali, Ahmed Awaisu, Hiam Chemaitelly, Moza Al Hail, Walid Mohammed ElMotasim, Mohamed Yousif Mohamed Ali Taha, Noriya Mohd J Al-Khuzaei, Gamila Salama, Abdulrouf Pallivalapila, Wessam El Kassem, Binny Thomas
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2021; 29(7): 648
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199 Translation and Cultural Validation of the WERF EPHect Endometriosis Patient Questionnaire into Canadian French
Evan Dimentberg, Claire Cardaillac, Evelyne Richard, Anne-Sophie Plante, Sarah Maheux-Lacroix
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 2021; 43(7): 817
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200 Validation of the Family Health Behavior Scale for the Brazilian population
Luiza Tweedie Preto, Camila H. Scarpatto, Laura Lessa Gaudie Ley, Carolina Silveira, Margareth Rodrigues Salerno, Jennette Palcic Moreno, Stela Maris de Jezus Castro, Linda Booij, Rita Mattiello
Jornal de Pediatria. 2021;
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201 Evaluating quality of patient-reported outcome measures in patients with hypospadias
V.P. Bhatia, M.E. Hilliard, P.F. Austin, A.G. Mittal
Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2021; 17(1): 50
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202 Validation psychométrique d’un Questionnaire d’Évaluation de la Perception et de l’Adaptation au Handicap Visuel chez l’Adulte (QUEPAHVA)
C. Heren-Le Bastard, A. Bernard, R. Fliss, S. Legouvello, P. Allain
Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie. 2021; 44(1): 24
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203 A survey of patient blood management for patients undergoing cardiac surgery in nine European countries
Andrew Klein, Seema Agarwal, Bernard Cholley, Jens Fassl, Michael Griffin, Timo Kaakinen, Zineb Mzallassi, Patrick Paulus, Steffen Rex, Martin Siegemund, Annewil van Saet
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2021; 72: 110311
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204 Reliability and validation of the Arabic version of the Conditions for Workplace Effectiveness Questionnaire-II
Wafa’a F. Ta’an, Mohammed M. Al-Hammouri, Jehad A. Rababah, Mohammad M. Suliman
International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2021; 8(2): 215
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205 Questionnaire translation and questionnaire validation are not the same
B. Kozanhan, M. Yildiz
International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia. 2021; 45: 165
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206 Quality of life in patients and in family members of those receiving home parenteral support with intestinal failure: A systematic review
Anne Marie Sowerbutts, Debra Jones, Simon Lal, Sorrel Burden
Clinical Nutrition. 2021; 40(5): 3210
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207 Indonesian Hospital Telemedicine Acceptance Model: The Influence of User Behavior and Technological Dimensions
Steffi Alexandra, Putu Wuri Handayani, Fatimah Azzahro
Heliyon. 2021; : e08599
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208 Evaluating the factors influencing purchase intention of electric vehicles in households owning conventional vehicles
V. Vijai Krishnan, Bino I. Koshy
Case Studies on Transport Policy. 2021; 9(3): 1122
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
209 Development of the Comprehensive Pain Assessment Tool Short Form for Chronic Pancreatitis: Validity and Reliability Testing
Louise Kuhlmann, Keith Teo, Søren Schou Olesen, Anna Edwards Phillips, Mahya Faghih, Natalie Tuck, Elham Afghani, Vikesh K. Singh, Dhiraj Yadav, John A. Windsor, Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2021;
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210 Validity and reliability of the Lubben Social Network Scale-Revised (LSNS-R) on older adults in Turkey
Nilgün Kuru Alici, Bilge Kalanlar
Current Psychology. 2021; 40(1): 21
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211 Coastal residents’ attitudes toward offshore oil and gas drilling in China
Mo Chen, Pim Martens
The Extractive Industries and Society. 2021; 8(3): 100942
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212 Assessment methods in sexual rehabilitation after stroke: a scoping review for rehabilitation professionals
Louis-Pierre Auger, Mélanie Aubertin, Myrian Grondin, Claudine Auger, Johanne Filiatrault, Annie Rochette
Disability and Rehabilitation. 2021; : 1
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213 Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Amharic version of Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire in people with low back pain in Ethiopia
Mulugeta Bayisa Chala, Catherine Donnelly, Yemataw Wondie, Setareh Ghahari, Jordan Miller
Disability and Rehabilitation. 2021; : 1
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214 Preferences and experiences regarding the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with mandibular advancement splints - a cross-sectional pilot survey
Johannes Spille, Jonas Conrad, André Sengebusch, Jörg Wiltfang, Christof Dörfer, Hendrik Naujokat
CRANIO®. 2021; : 1
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215 Predictors of Job Satisfaction of Chinese Social Workers in Mainland China
Kitty Yuen-han Mo, Hannah Wai Ming Ho
Journal of Social Service Research. 2021; 47(6): 823
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
216 Motives and competitive assets for internationalization: a comparison between emerging and developed economy international construction contracting firms
Ahsen Maqsoom, Imran Arif, Khuram Shafi, Muhammad Umer, Tahira Nazir, Samina Nawab
Applied Economics. 2021; 53(22): 2539
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217 Why does the perception of street matter? A dimensional analysis of multisensory social and physical attributes shaping the perception of streets
Sherina Rezvanipour, Norhaslina Hassan, Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini, Mahmoud Danaee
Architectural Science Review. 2021; 64(4): 359
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218 Psychometric properties and validation of the Brief NORSCI safety perceptions and climate inventory in the Norwegian waste management industry
Morten Birkeland Nielsen, Jan Olav Christensen, Jan Shahid Emberland, Marit Skogstad, Stein Knardahl, Live Bakke Finne
Waste Management. 2021; 121: 87
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219 Rasch analysis for development and reduction of Symptom Questionnaire for Visual Dysfunctions (SQVD)
Mario Cantó-Cerdán, Pilar Cacho-Martínez, Francisco Lara-Lacárcel, Ángel García-Muñoz
Scientific Reports. 2021; 11(1)
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220 Acculturation and endocrine disrupting chemical-associated personal care product use among US-based foreign-born Chinese women of reproductive age
Veronica A. Wang, MyDzung T. Chu, Lucy Chie, Symielle A. Gaston, Chandra L. Jackson, Nicole Newendorp, Elanah Uretsky, Robin E. Dodson, Gary Adamkiewicz, Tamarra James-Todd
Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 2021; 31(2): 224
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221 Towards a reconsideration of the use of agree-disagree questions in measuring subjective evaluations
Jennifer Dykema, Nora Cate Schaeffer, Dana Garbarski, Nadia Assad, Steven Blixt
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2021;
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222 Self-concept and Engagement in LiFe (SELF): A waitlist-controlled pilot study of a novel psychological intervention to target illness engulfment in enduring schizophrenia and related psychoses
Susanna Konsztowicz, Casandra Roy Gelencser, Catherine Otis, Norbert Schmitz, Martin Lepage
Schizophrenia Research. 2021; 228: 567
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223 An Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Standard Precautions Among Health Workers From a Hospital in Northern Cyprus
Gulifeiya Abuduxike, Songul Acar Vaizoglu, Ozen Asut, Sanda Cali
Safety and Health at Work. 2021; 12(1): 66
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224 Validity and reliability of an Arabic version of the Sleep Hygiene Index
Jad Costa, Samar Helou, Ghassan Sleilaty, Tarek Costa, Jeanine El Helou
Sleep Medicine. 2021; 80: 260
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225 Development and Evaluation of a Teamwork Improvement Program for Perioperative Patient Safety
Shinae AHN, Nam-Ju LEE
Journal of Nursing Research. 2021; 29(6): e181
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
226 Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life (ISYQOL) questionnaire's Arabic version
Salah M. Fallatah, Shaker Emam, Ghamid Al-Ghamdi, Faisal Almatrafi
Medicine. 2021; 100(49): e28063
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227 The Development of a Measuring Instrument for Substance Abuse Media Literacy Scale in Students
Hanieh Jormand, Saeed Bashirian, Majid Barati, Mohammad Babamiri, Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai
Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment. 2021; 20(4): 609
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228 Reliability of the Norwegian version of PainDETECT: a test-retest study
Anette Melsom Myhre, Liv Inger Strand
European Journal of Physiotherapy. 2021; : 1
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229 Quality of life assessment in paediatric cochlear implant recipients in South India: Parental assessment and correlation with rehabilitation scores using a bilingual quality of life assessment questionnaire
Senthil Vadivu Arumugam, Sunil Mathews, Vijaya Krishnan Paramasivan, Mohan Kameswaran
Cochlear Implants International. 2021; 22(3): 128
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230 Is sex lost in translation? Linguistic and conceptual issues in the translation of sexual and reproductive health surveys
Horas T. H. Wong, Pan Wang, Yingli Sun, Christy E. Newman, Daniel Vujcich, Cathy Vaughan, Catherine C. O'Connor, Defeng Jin, Erin Ogilvie, Ye Zhang, Limin Mao, Allison Carter
Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2021; : 1
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231 Influence of the ‘conventions approach’ on higher education in drama
Adam Cziboly, Mette Bøe Lyngstad, Sisi Zheng
NJ. 2021; : 1
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232 Leadership, management, quality, and innovation in organ donation: 2019 Kunming recommendations for One Belt & One Road countries
Chloe Ballesté, Aurora Navarro, José Luis Escalante, Arantxa Quiralte, Elisa Vera, Ana França, Danica Avsec, Alan Leitchman, Ricard Valero, Melania Istrate, María Paula Gómez, Minkang Zhou, Estephan Arredondo, Reginaldo Boni, José María Domínguez-Roldán, Hongtao Zhao, Haibo Wang, Miao Pu, Wei Lu, Li Li, Martí Manyalich
Clinical Transplantation. 2021; 35(10)
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233 Revisiting Orstavik’s PAI score to produce a reliable and reproducible assessment of the outcomes of endodontic treatments in routine practice
Marjorie Zanini, Nicolas Decerle, Martine Hennequin, Pierre-Yves Cousson
European Journal of Dental Education. 2021; 25(2): 291
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234 The impact of organisational communication satisfaction on health care professionals' work engagement
Helmy Jameel Abu Dalal, Vimala Ramoo, Mei Chan Chong, Mahmoud Danaee, Yousef I. Aljeesh
Journal of Nursing Management. 2021;
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235 Food texture experiences across age groups in 4- to 36-month-old children in the United States
Victoria A. Surette, Sarah Smith-Simpson, Lisa R. Fries, Carolyn F. Ross
Journal of Texture Studies. 2021;
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236 Central sensitization and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pain syndromes, and inflammatory bowel disease
Irina Midenfjord, Cecilia Grinsvall, Peter Koj, Ida Carnerup, Hans Törnblom, Magnus Simrén
Neurogastroenterology & Motility. 2021; 33(12)
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237 Adaptation of the Quality of Life Adolescent Cleft Questionnaire for Spanish children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate
Ana Ruiz-Guillén, Carlos Suso-Ribera, Martín Romero-Maroto, Carmen Gallardo, Cecilia Peñacoba
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2021;
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238 Development and validation of the Italian version of the ‘Parental Perceptions of Silver Diamine Fluoride Dental Color Changes’ questionnaire
Simone Bagattoni, Lisa Lardani, Maria Chiara Cappiello, Maria Rosaria Gatto, Marco Montevecchi, Gabriela Piana
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2021;
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239 Convergent Validity of Suffering and Quality of Life as Measured by The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality of Life
C. Kursawe Larsen, R. Kjærsgaard Andersen, J. S. Kirby, J. Tan, D. M. L. Saunte, G. B. E. Jemec
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2021; 35(7): 1577
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240 Psychological impact of COVID-19 on speech and language therapists working with adult dysphagia: A national survey
Rachel Rouse, Julie Regan
International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. 2021; 56(5): 1037
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241 Development and validation of a self-report measure of practical barriers to medication adherence: The medication practical barriers to adherence questionnaire (MPRAQ)
Amy Hai Yan Chan, Marcia Vervloet, Helen Lycett, Anne Brabers, Liset Dijk, Rob Horne
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2021; 87(11): 4197
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242 Evaluation of a Persian version of the Adelaide driving self-efficacy scale among Iranian older adults
Naser Havaei, Elham Lotfalinezhad, Haidar Nadrian, Shahab Papi, Sakineh Goljarian, Amir Ahmadi, Neda Nazaripanah, Mojtaba Mohammadi, Mohamad Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Taghi Badeleh, Devender Bhalla
Traffic Injury Prevention. 2021; 22(8): 611
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243 The Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire: Translation and Validation into Dutch
Roan L.M. Ploumen, Jorrit M. Duininck, Ronald E.G. Jonkman, Jitske W. Nolte, Alfred G. Becking
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2021; 32(4): 1448
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244 Exploring Undergraduate Pharmacy Students Perspectives Towards Antibiotics Use, Antibiotic Resistance, and Antibiotic Stewardship Programs Along With the Pharmacy Teachers’ Perspectives: A Mixed-Methods Study From Pakistan
Faiz Ullah Khan, Amjad Khan, Shahid Shah, Khezar Hayat, Abubakar Usman, Farman Ullah Khan, Zakir Khan, Yusuf Karatas, Tawseef Ahmad, Jie Chang, Usman Rashid Malik, Asad Khan, Sundus Shukar, Muhtar Kadirhaz, Yu Fang
Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021; 12
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245 Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Counseling Competencies Scale-Revised
Wei Xia, William Ho Cheung Li, Tingna Liang, Yuanhui Luo, Laurie Long Kwan Ho, Ankie Tan Cheung, Peige Song
Frontiers in Psychology. 2021; 12
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246 Translation, validity and reliability of the Danish version of the Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire
Alessandro Andreucci, Christian Lund Straszek, Michael Skovdal Rathleff, Clara Guldhammer, Rocio de la Vega, Tonya M. Palermo
F1000Research. 2021; 9: 1029
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247 Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Turkish Yellow Flag Questionnaire in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Meltem Koç, Zilan Bazancir, Hakan Apaydin, Burcu Talu, Kiliçhan Bayar
The Korean Journal of Pain. 2021; 34(4): 501
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248 Students’ Preparedness to Learn in e-Learning Environment and their Perception on The MPKT Lecturers’ Readiness to Manage Online Class
Titin Siswantining, Herley Shaori Al-Ash, Kasiyah Junus, Lia Sadita, Diana Nur Vitasari, Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi, Harinaldi Harinaldi
Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal. 2021; 6(2): 387
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249 Medical and psychosocial evaluation of patients with complications after sinonasal surgery: Creating a questionnaire
Manuela-Andra Vidinei, Codrut Sarafoleanu
Romanian Journal of Rhinology. 2021; 11(42): 60
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250 Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Reproductive Coercion Scale
Rusen ÖZTÜRK, Özlem GÜNER
Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2021;
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251 The Development, Translation, and Validation of Malaysian Survey on the Propensity to Volunteer (MySPV)
Shahrul Aiman Soelar, Zainal ‘Akla Shamsudin, Kumaresan Palanisamy, Mohamad Shukri Abdul Hamid, Nurakmal Ahmad Mustaffa, Noor Amalina Mat Yusof
SSRN Electronic Journal. 2021;
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252 Dental Visits and Predictors of Regular Attendance Among Female Schoolchildren in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Muhanad Alhareky, Muhammad Ashraf Nazir
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry. 2021; Volume 13: 97
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253 Adaptação transcultural do questionário EFFECT para português brasileiro
Lourrany Borges Costa, Shamyr Sulyvan de Castro, Diovana Ximenes Cavalcante Dourado, Bruna Soares Praxedes, Thayná Custódio Mota, Thais Marcella Rios de Lima Tavares
Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica. 2021; 45(3)
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254 Cross-cultural adaptation of the EFFECT questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese
Lourrany Borges Costa, Shamyr Sulyvan de Castro, Diovana Ximenes Cavalcante Dourado, Bruna Soares Praxedes, Thayná Custódio Mota, Thais Marcella Rios de Lima Tavares
Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica. 2021; 45(3)
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255 Health Professional Frontline Leaders’ Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Bibi Hølge-Hazelton, Mette Kjerholt, Elizabeth Rosted, Stine Thestrup Hansen, Line Zacho Borre, Brendan McCormack
Journal of Healthcare Leadership. 2021; Volume 13: 7
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256 Application of the EQ-5D in the Middle East: A Systematic Review Focusing on Patients Living in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Abdullah Althemery
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 2021; Volume 14: 1101
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257 Factors influencing senior learners’ language learning motivation. A Hungarian perspective
Emese Schiller, Helga Dorner
Journal of Adult Learning, Knowledge and Innovation. 2021;
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258 Evaluating subjective cognitive decline: a systematic review of tools available for evaluating cognitive complaints in Portuguese
Wyllians Vendramini BORELLI, Vanessa Nicola LABREA, Eduardo LEAL-CONCEICAO, Mirna Wetters PORTUGUEZ, Jaderson Costa da COSTA
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. 2021; 79(3): 238
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259 Development, Validation, and Results of a Survey of Personal Electronic Device Use Among 299 Anesthesia Providers From a Single Institution
Steven B. Porter, J. Ross Renew, Stephania Paredes, Christopher R. Roscher, Matthew F. Plevak, Kathleen J. Yost
Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2021; Publish Ah
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260 Adaptation and validation of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) among Czech children
Roman Cuberek, Marcela Janíková, Jan Dygrýn, Peter M ten Klooster
PLOS ONE. 2021; 16(1): e0245256
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261 A mixed method study design to explore the adherence of haematological cancer patients to oral anticancer medication in a multilingual and multicultural outpatient setting: The MADESIO protocol
Sandra Michiels, Sandra Tricas-Sauras, Marie Dauvrin, Dominique Bron, Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, Joseph Telfair
PLOS ONE. 2021; 16(6): e0253526
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262 Validating the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using Rasch analysis
Mayank Jayaram, Chang Wang, Lu Wang, Kevin C. Chung, Karl Bang Christensen
PLOS ONE. 2021; 16(7): e0254984
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263 COVID-19: Post-recovery long-term symptoms among patients in Saudi Arabia
Mostafa M. Khodeir, Hassan A. Shabana, Zafar Rasheed, Abdullah S. Alkhamiss, Mohamed Khodeir, Mohammad S. Alkhowailed, Sami Alharbi, Mansour Alsoghair, Suliman A. Alsagaby, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi
PLOS ONE. 2021; 16(12): e0260259
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264 Translation, cultural adaptation and reproducibility of a Portuguese version of the Functional Index for Hand OsteoArthritis (FIHOA)
Francisco Vileimar Andrade de Azevedo, Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha, Anamaria Jones, Jamil Natour, Francisco Airton Castro da Rocha
Advances in Rheumatology. 2021; 61(1)
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265 How do Japanese rate the severity of different diseases and injuries?—an assessment of disability weights for 231 health states by 37,318 Japanese respondents
Shuhei Nomura, Yoshiko Yamamoto, Daisuke Yoneoka, Juanita A. Haagsma, Joshua A. Salomon, Peter Ueda, Rintaro Mori, Damian Santomauro, Theo Vos, Kenji Shibuya
Population Health Metrics. 2021; 19(1)
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266 Continuity and coordination of care in highly selected chronic cancer patients treated with multiple repeat radiation therapy
Sebastian M. Christ, Maiwand Ahmadsei, Annina Seiler, Eugenia Vlaskou Badra, Jonas Willmann, Caroline Hertler, Matthias Guckenberger
Radiation Oncology. 2021; 16(1)
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267 Economic burden in the management of transfusion-dependent thalassaemia patients in Malaysia from a societal perspective
Asrul Akmal Shafie, Jacqueline Hui Yi Wong, Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim, Noor Syahireen Mohammed, Irwinder Kaur Chhabra
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2021; 16(1)
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268 Psychometric Analysis of the 2016 Ohio Long-Term Care Facilities Family Satisfaction Scale
Candidus Nwakasi, Nader Mehri, Jyotsana Parajuli
Research on Aging. 2021; : 0164027521
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269 Development and validation of a parent-proxy health-related quality of life survey for Australian First Nations children
Kaley Butten, Lee Jones, Peter A Newcombe, Anne B Chang, Jeanie K Sheffield, Kerry-Ann F O'Grady, Newell W Johnson, Anna Maria Bell, Greggory Ross, Maree Toombs
BMJ Open. 2021; 11(8): e046007
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270 Tourist Perception of the Value of Time on Holidays: Implications for the Time Use Rebound Effect and Sustainable Travel Practice
Soheon Kim, Viachaslau Filimonau, Janet E. Dickinson
Journal of Travel Research. 2021; : 0047287521
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271 The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale
Fatih Özden, Serap Tuna
Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2021;
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272 Developing Machine Learning and Statistical Tools to Evaluate the Accessibility of Public Health Advice on Infectious Diseases among Vulnerable People
Wenxiu Xie, Meng Ji, Mengdan Zhao, Kam-Yiu Lam, Chi-Yin Chow, Tianyong Hao, Heng Liu
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience. 2021; 2021: 1
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273 Rapid Independent Health Literacy Assessment: A Pilot Study Among Native English-speaking and Low English Proficiency Patients
John Blade Hargiss, Jeffery D. St. Jeor, Jennifer L. Horn, Gregory M. Garrison
Journal of Primary Care & Community Health. 2021; 12: 2150132721
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274 A Cross-Sectional, Questionnaire-Based Study on Drug Treatment Awareness in Schizophrenia Patients and Caregivers: An Unexplored Avenue
Raakhi Tripathi, Sharmila Jalgaonkar, Snehalata Gajbhiye, Nishtha Khatri, Mohsin Sayyed, Shubhangi Parkar
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2021; : 0253717621
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275 Comparison of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Authorship Guidelines Among Medical and Dental Professionals
Shahistha Parveen, Rohan Mascarenhas, Vina Vaswani
Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2021; 55(1): 39
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276 Generic Self-Reported Questionnaires Measuring Self-Management: A Scoping Review
Émilie Hudon, Catherine Hudon, Mireille Lambert, Mathieu Bisson, Maud-Christine Chouinard
Clinical Nursing Research. 2021; 30(6): 855
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277 Thyroid cancer risk factors and Pakistani University students’ awareness towards its preventive practice
Ayesha Iqbal, Saira Azhar, Nihal A Ibrahim, Zelal J Kharaba, Mohammad M Iqbal, Shujaat A Khan, Muhammad Arfat Yameen, Ghulam Murtaza
Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice. 2021; 27(3): 570
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278 Orthodontic clinicians’ attitudes and knowledge of dentogingival aesthetics: A cross-sectional survey of BOS members
Eman Ajrash, Andrew T DiBiase, Nikolaos Pandis, Martyn T Cobourne, Jadbinder Seehra
Journal of Orthodontics. 2021; : 1465312521
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279 Internal and external aspects of freedom of choice in mental health: cultural and linguistic adaptation of the Hungarian version of the Oxford CAPabilities questionnaire—Mental Health (OxCAP-MH)
Timea Mariann Helter, Ildiko Kovacs, Andor Kanka, Orsolya Varga, Janos Kalman, Judit Simon
BMC Psychology. 2021; 9(1)
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280 An assessment of nursing mothers’ and young people’s access to proprietary and patent medicine vendors’ services in rural communities of south-eastern Nigeria: implication for review of national drug policy
C. J. Uneke, I. Obeka, B. I. Uneke, A. Umeokonkwo, C. A. Nweze, K. I. Otubo, O. E. Uguru
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice. 2021; 14(S1)
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281 Exploring determinants of community pharmacist-led influenza vaccination in a Middle Eastern country: a national web-based cross-sectional study
Dalal Youssef, Linda Abou-Abbas, Hamad Hassan
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice. 2021; 14(1)
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282 The TEAM instrument for measuring emergency team performance: validation of the Swedish version at two emergency departments
Klas Karlgren, Anders Dahlström, Anderz Birkestam, Annelie Drevstam Norling, Gustav Forss, Mikael Andersson Franko, Simon Cooper, Thomas Leijon, Charlotta Paulsson
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. 2021; 29(1)
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283 Monitoring of patients with microdialysis following pancreaticoduodenectomy—the MINIMUM study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Espen Lindholm, Nil Ekiz, Tor Inge Tønnessen
Trials. 2021; 22(1)
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284 Cycling in people with a lower limb amputation
Jutamanee Poonsiri, Rienk Dekker, Pieter U. Dijkstra, Juha M. Hijmans, Jan H. B. Geertzen
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2021; 13(1)
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285 Collecting quantitative experimental data from a non-WEIRD population: challenges and practical recommendations from a field experiment in rural Sierra Leone
Hanna Luetke Lanfer, Doreen Reifegerste, Sorie Ibrahim Kargbo
BMC Research Notes. 2021; 14(1)
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286 Willingness to volunteer and readiness to practice of undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Indonesia
Gilbert Lazarus, Ardi Findyartini, Azis Muhammad Putera, Nico Gamalliel, David Nugraha, Imam Adli, Jason Phowira, Lyanna Azzahra, Bagas Ariffandi, Indah Suci Widyahening
BMC Medical Education. 2021; 21(1)
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287 Comparison of conventional and wide field direct ophthalmoscopy on medical students’ self-confidence for fundus examination: a 1-year follow-up
Gabriel Ayub, Rafael Boava Souza, Andrelisa Marina de Albuquerque, José Paulo Cabral de Vasconcellos
BMC Medical Education. 2021; 21(1)
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288 Psychometric adequacy of the Persian adapted version of the Tilburg pregnancy distress scale (P-TPDS)
Leili Salehi, Zoherh Mohmoodi, Fatemeh Rajati, Victor Pop
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2021; 21(1)
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289 Cross-cultural translation, adaptation, and validation of the Amharic version pain self-efficacy questionnaire in people with low back pain in Ethiopia
Mulugeta Bayisa Chala, Catherine Donnelly, Yemataw Wondie, Setareh Ghahari, Jordan Miller
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2021; 22(1)
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290 Measuring job stress in transportation workers: psychometric properties, convergent validity and reliability of the ERI and JCQ among professional drivers
Sergio A. Useche, Francisco Alonso, Boris Cendales, Luis Montoro, Javier Llamazares
BMC Public Health. 2021; 21(1)
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291 Prevalence of overactive bladder symptoms and their impact on health-related quality of life of medical and dentistry students: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Ramzi Shawahna, Hatim Hijaz, Khaled Jallad, Mohammad Abushamma, Mothana Sawafta
BMC Urology. 2021; 21(1)
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292 Validation of the psychometric properties of the Malay advance care planning questionnaire
Mun Kit Lim, Pauline Siew Mei Lai, Pei Se Wong, Sajaratulnisah Othman, Fadzilah Hanum Mohd Mydin
BMC Palliative Care. 2021; 20(1)
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293 Determining the Entrepreneurial and Intrapreneurial Intentions of Student Pharmacists in Iran
Fatemeh Mirzayeh Fashami, Mona Nili, Ali Vasheghani Farahani, Nazneen Shaikh, Nilanjana Dwibedi, S. Suresh Madhavan
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2021; 85(2): 8080
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294 Development of a Questionnaire to Assess the Psychosocial Effects of COVID-19 on Peripartum Women
Archana Kumari, Keerthana Rajasekaran, Piyush Ranjan, Ashish D Upadhyay, Anju Singh, Rakesh Kumar Chadda, Neerja Bhatla
Cureus. 2021;
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295 Development of the First Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaires in Arabic for Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Part II): Dual-Center Validation of PCOSQoL-47 and PCOSQoL-42 Questionnaires
Samih A Odhaib, Fatemeh Nasiri Amiri, Mahmood Thamer Altemimi, Husam J Imran, Haider A Alidrisi, Miaad J Mohammed, Abbas A Mansour
Cureus. 2021;
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296 Attitudes of the elderly towards interprofessional cooperation and collaborative pharmacy practices: Questionnaire development
Velibor Ilic, Ljiljana Tasic, Valentina Marinkovic
Arhiv za farmaciju. 2021; 71(5): 410
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297 Validation of the Persian version of the Workplace Physical-Ergonomic Conditions Evaluation (PECE) Questionnaire
Mohammad Javad Sheikhmozafari, Parsa Mohammad Alizade, Omran Ahmadi
International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention. 2021; 6(3): 554
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298 Addiction-like behavior associated with social media usage in undergraduate students of a government medical college in Delhi, India
Saurav Basu, Ragini Sharma, Pragya Sharma, Nandini Sharma
Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2021; 63(1): 35
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299 Evaluating Construct Validity and Reliability of Intention to Transfer Training Conduct Instrument Using Rasch Model Analysis
Shaliza Shafie, Faizah Abd Majid, Teoh Sian Hoon, Siti Maftuhah Damio
Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. 2021; 29(2)
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300 Pilot of a questionnaire study regarding perception of undergraduate medical students towards online classes: Process and perspectives
UnnikrishnanK Menon, Suja Gopalakrishnan, CSumithra N. Unni, Riju Ramachandran, B Poornima, Anu Sasidharan, MS Ashika, Natasha Radhakrishnan
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2021; 10(5): 2016
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301 Need for a central survey-based registry-for effective conduct of survey-based medical research
Bhavna Gupta, Pallavi Ahluwalia
Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2021; 65(10): 768
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302 Psychometric Properties of the Clergy Suicide Prevention Competencies Developmental Rubric and Faith Leaders’ Readiness to Address Suicide Stigma
Karen Mason, Ji-Young Yoon, Elizabeth Taylor, David Korver, Yuan Hu
Religions. 2021; 12(7): 541
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303 Malawian mothers’ experiences of raising children living with albinism: A qualitative descriptive study
Naomi Likumbo, Tania de Villiers, Una Kyriacos
African Journal of Disability. 2021; 10
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304 Polish Adaptation of the Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life Questionnaire
Edyta Kinel, Krzysztof Korbel, Piotr Janusz, Mateusz Kozinoga, Dariusz Czaprowski, Tomasz Kotwicki
Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(10): 2081
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305 Unpacking the Mental Health of Nurses during COVID-19: Evidence from Pakistan
Xinxing Xu, Faiza Manzoor, Shaoping Jiang, Ayesha Mumtaz
Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(16): 3546
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306 Undiagnosed Hypertension in a Workplace: The Case of a Logistics Company in Gauteng, South Africa
Morongwa Bokaba, Perpetua Modjadji, Kebogile Elizabeth Mokwena
Healthcare. 2021; 9(8): 964
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307 Perception of the Online Learning Environment of Nursing Students in Slovenia: Validation of the DREEM Questionnaire
Lucija Gosak, Nino Fijacko, Carolina Chabrera, Esther Cabrera, Gregor Štiglic
Healthcare. 2021; 9(8): 998
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308 Vietnamese Version of the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS): Translation, Adaptation, and Validation
Thao Huong Nguyen, Hoa Van Truong, Mai Tuyet Vi, Katja Taxis, Thang Nguyen, Kien Trung Nguyen
Healthcare. 2021; 9(11): 1471
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309 Effect of Psychological Factors on Credit Risk: A Case Study of the Microlending Service in Mongolia
Mandukhai Ganbat, Erdenebileg Batbaatar, Ganzul Bazarragchaa, Togtuunaa Ider, Enkhjargalan Gantumur, Lkhamsuren Dashkhorol, Khosgarig Altantsatsralt, Mandakhbayar Nemekh, Erdenebaatar Dashdondog, Oyun-Erdene Namsrai
Behavioral Sciences. 2021; 11(4): 47
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310 Clinical Validation of the Greek Version of the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS)—Part II
Konstantinos Stamatiou, Evangelia Samara, Jakhongir F. Alidjanov, Adrian M. E. Pilatz, Kurt G. Naber, Florian M. E. Wagenlehner
Antibiotics. 2021; 10(10): 1253
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311 Translation and Validation of Italian Version of Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+): A Cross-Sectional Study
Stefano Salgarello, Maria Luisa Garo, Corrado Paganelli, Antonio Vita, Matteo Salvadori, Elisabetta Audino
Dentistry Journal. 2021; 9(12): 149
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312 Vietnamese Version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (30 Items): Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation
Thong Van Nguyen, Kien Trung Nguyen, Phuong Minh Nguyen, Nghiem Minh Nguyen, Chi Lan Ly, Thang Nguyen, Minh Thi Tuyet Nguyen, Hoang Minh Le, Xuyen Thi Kim Nguyen, Nghi Huynh Phuong Duong, Richard C. Veith, Tuan Van Nguyen
Geriatrics. 2021; 6(4): 116
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313 Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Antibiotics and Its Resistance: A Two-Phase Mixed-Methods Online Study among Pakistani Community Pharmacists to Promote Rational Antibiotic Use
Faiz Ullah Khan, Farman Ullah Khan, Khezar Hayat, Tawseef Ahmad, Amjad Khan, Jie Chang, Usman Rashid Malik, Zakir Khan, Krizzia Lambojon, Yu Fang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3): 1320
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314 HAPPY MAMA Project (PART 1). Assessing the Reliability of the Italian Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS-IT) and Parental Stress Scale (PSS-IT): A Cross-Sectional Study among Mothers Who Gave Birth in the Last 12 Months
Alice Mannocci, Azzurra Massimi, Franca Scaglietta, Sara Ciavardini, Michela Scollo, Claudia Scaglione, Giuseppe La Torre
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8): 4066
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315 Redesigning a Healthcare Demand Questionnaire for National Population Survey: Experience of a Developing Country
Diane Woei Quan Chong, Suhana Jawahir, Ee Hong Tan, Sondi Sararaks
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(9): 4435
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316 Hesitancy towards COVID-19 Vaccines: An Analytical Cross–Sectional Study
Abdelkarim Aloweidi, Isam Bsisu, Aiman Suleiman, Sami Abu-Halaweh, Mahmoud Almustafa, Mohammad Aqel, Aous Amro, Neveen Radwan, Dima Assaf, Malak Ziyad Abdullah, Malak Albataineh, Aya Mahasneh, Ala’a Badaineh, Hala Obeidat
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(10): 5111
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317 Clinical Activities, Contaminations of Surgeons and Cooperation with Health Authorities in 14 Orthopedic Departments in North Italy during the Most Acute Phase of Covid-19 Pandemic
Alessandro Aprato, Nicola Guindani, Alessandro Massè, Claudio C. Castelli, Alessandra Cipolla, Delia Antognazza, Francesco Benazzo, Federico Bove, Alessandro Casiraghi, Fabio Catani, Dante Dallari, Rocco D’Apolito, Massimo Franceschini, Alberto Momoli, Flavio Ravasi, Fabrizio Rivera, Luigi Zagra, Giovanni Zatti, Fabio D’Angelo
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(10): 5340
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318 Frequency of Injury and Illness in the Final 4 Weeks before a Trail Running Competition
Rubén Gajardo-Burgos, Manuel Monrroy-Uarac, René Mauricio Barría-Pailaquilén, Yessenia Norambuena-Noches, Dina Christa Janse van Rensburg, Claudio Bascour-Sandoval, Manuela Besomi
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(10): 5431
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319 Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcomes following Surgical Treatment of Lymphedema
Michelle Coriddi, Joseph Dayan, Nikhil Sobti, David Nash, Johanna Goldberg, Anne Klassen, Andrea Pusic, Babak Mehrara
Cancers. 2020; 12(3): 565
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320 Development and Evaluation of a Screening Tool to Aid the Diagnosis of Cluster Headache
Alina Buture, Jason W Boland, Lisa Dikomitis, Chao Huang, Fayyaz Ahmed
Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(2): 77
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321 Treatment-Seeking Behavior Among Male Civil Servants in Northeastern Malaysia: A Mixed-Methods Study
Pathman Arumugam, Tengku Alina Tengku Ismail, Aziah Daud, Kamarul Imran Musa, Noor Aman A. Hamid, Shaiful Bahari Ismail, Zakiah Mohd Said
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(8): 2713
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322 Preparedness of Frontline Doctors in Jordan Healthcare Facilities to COVID-19 Outbreak
Aiman Suleiman, Isam Bsisu, Hasan Guzu, Abeer Santarisi, Murad Alsatari, Ala’ Abbad, Ahmad Jaber, Taima’a Harb, Ahmad Abuhejleh, Nisreen Nadi, Abdelkarim Aloweidi, Mahmoud Almustafa
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(9): 3181
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323 A Questionnaire Survey of Management of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage in Poland
Mariusz Hofman, Norbert Hajder, Izabela Duda, Lukasz J. Krzych
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11): 4161
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324 A Snapshot of Knowledge about Oral Cancer in Italy: A 505 Person Survey
Riccardo Nocini, Giorgia Capocasale, Daniele Marchioni, Francesca Zotti
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(13): 4889
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325 Attitudes and Consumer Behavior toward Foods Offered in Staff Canteens
Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina, Hanna Górska-Warsewicz, Joanna Trafialek
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17): 6239
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326 Design and Validity of a Choice-Modeling Questionnaire to Analyze the Feasibility of Implementing Physical Activity on Prescription at Primary Health-Care Settings
Sergio Calonge-Pascual, Francisco Fuentes-Jiménez, José A. Casajús Mallén, Marcela González-Gross
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(18): 6627
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327 Impact of COVID-19Quarantine on Low Back Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Associated Risk Factors among Adult Citizens Residing in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia): A Cross-Sectional Study
Peter Šagát, Peter Bartík, Pablo Prieto González, Drago? Ioan Tohanean, Damir Knjaz
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(19): 7302
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328 German Dentists’ Preferences for the Treatment of Apical Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Jonas Conrad, Jan Retelsdorf, Sameh Attia, Christof Dörfer, Mohamed Mekhemar
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(20): 7447
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329 Persistent Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Children under Five Years Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Perpetua Modjadji, Josephine Mashishi
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(20): 7580
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330 Development and Validation of a Well-Being Measure on Young Basketball Players: The NFAPW Scale
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(21): 7987
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331 Factorial Validity and Variance of the Maslach Burnout Inventory between Demographic and Workload Groups among Dentists of Lithuania
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332 Development of the Home Cooking EnviRonment and Equipment Inventory Observation form (Home-CookERITM): An Assessment of Content Validity, Face Validity, and Inter-Rater Agreement
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333 Development and Validation of the Short Healthy Eating Index Survey with a College Population to Assess Dietary Quality and Intake
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361 Development, validation and translation of psychological tests
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362 The development and validation of a measurement instrument to investigate determinants of health care utilisation for low back pain in Ethiopia
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363 Validation of the Dutch version of the primary care resources and support for self-management tool: A tool to assess the quality of self-management support
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364 Adaptation and validation of the Polish version of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire among cardiovascular patients and medical students
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365 Medication adherence and self-care behaviours among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana
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367 Preliminary steps of the development of a Minimum Uniform Dataset applicable to the international wheelchair sector
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374 Psychometric properties of the Benzodiazepine Dependence Self-Report Questionnaire – Portuguese Version (BENDEP-SRQ-PV)
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376 Conducting Surveys in Dental Education Research: Guidelines and Reminders
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377 Arabic Translation of the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire: Instrument Validation Study of Factor Structure and Reliability
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378 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS (MOQ-T) MEASUREMENT ITEMS USING CONTENT VALIDITY RATIO (CVR)
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379 Psychometric characteristics of the BEITI – an assessment scale of daily functioning
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380 The Epilepsy Risk Awareness (ERA) Scale: A New Era for Holistic Risk Assessment in Epilepsy
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385 Knowledge, attitude and practices among consumers toward antibiotics use and antibiotic resistance in Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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388 Development and validation of antisnake venom knowledge assessment tool (AKAT) for healthcare practitioners
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390 Practice patterns of post-ERCP pancreatitis prophylaxis techniques in the United States: a survey of advanced endoscopists
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391 Translation of self-efficacy scale (SCSES) stoma care instruments Indonesia version: Test validity and reliability
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404 Genetic disorder prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy termination practices among high consanguinity population, Saudi Arabia
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405 A mixed-method exploration into the experience of members of the FAO/WHO International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN): study protocol
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406 German translation, cultural adaption and validation of the unidimensional self-efficacy scale for multiple sclerosis: a study protocol
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